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Correct helmet use can lead to a 42% reduction in the risk of fatal injuries and a 69% reduction in the risk of head injuries.Nonuse of motorcycle helmets, seat-belts, and child restraints For example, the risk of a fatal crash occurring among those who have used amphetamines is about 5 times the risk of someone who hasn't. In the case of drug-driving, the risk of incurring a road traffic crash is increased to differing degrees depending on the psychoactive drug used.In the case of drink-driving, the risk of a road traffic crash starts at low levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and increases significantly when the driver's BAC is ≥ 0.04 g/dl.Driving under the influence of alcohol and any psychoactive substance or drug increases the risk of a crash that results in death or serious injuries.In car-to-car side impacts the fatality risk for car occupants is 85% at 65 km/h.ĭriving under the influence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances.The death risk for pedestrians hit by car fronts rises rapidly (4.5 times from 50 km/h to 65 km/h).For example, every 1% increase in mean speed produces a 4% increase in the fatal crash risk and a 3% increase in the serious crash risk. An increase in average speed is directly related both to the likelihood of a crash occurring and to the severity of the consequences of the crash.
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The cornerstones of this approach are safe roads and roadsides, safe speeds, safe vehicles, and safe road users, all of which must be addressed in order to eliminate fatal crashes and reduce serious injuries. Such an approach takes into account people’s vulnerability to serious injuries in road traffic crashes and recognizes that the system should be designed to be forgiving of human error. The safe system approach to road safety aims to ensure a safe transport system for all road users. Risk factors The safe system approach: accommodating human error About three quarters (73%) of all road traffic deaths occur among young males under the age of 25 years who are almost 3 times as likely to be killed in a road traffic crash as young females. Sexįrom a young age, males are more likely to be involved in road traffic crashes than females. Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5-29 years. Even within high-income countries, people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to be involved in road traffic crashes. Road traffic injury death rates are highest in the African region and lowest in the European region. More than 90% of road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Road traffic crashes cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic product. These losses arise from the cost of treatment as well as lost productivity for those killed or disabled by their injuries, and for family members who need to take time off work or school to care for the injured. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. Between 20 and 50 million more people suffer non-fatal injuries, with many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. Every year the lives of approximately 1.3 million people are cut short as a result of a road traffic crash.